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STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

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It's a PV system that isn't connected to the grid (offgrid system). Stand-alone system can be derived with or without energy storage, also with other energy resources like windmills, cogeneration or fuel cells.

Basic components of independent PV system are:

1. Photovoltaic modules

2. Charge controller

3. Battery

4. Inverter (if loads are AC)

5. Loads (DC or AC)

For such a photovoltaic system, which consists of the above mentioned components, there are typical two basic processes:

1. Conversion of solar radiation, or sun light into electric energy

2. Conversion electric energy into chemical and, conversely, chemical to eletrical energy (battery power supply and charging)